{"id":2344672,"date":"2026-02-23T10:37:19","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T15:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/?p=2344672"},"modified":"2026-02-24T09:47:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T14:47:59","slug":"rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries\/","title":{"rendered":"Rethinking Working Hours in Labor-Intensive Industries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">High working hours in labor-intensive industries\u2014particularly footwear and apparel\u2014have been debated for decades and remain one of the most persistent challenges in responsible supply chain management. At the heart of this discussion is <strong>Principle 6: Hours of Work<\/strong>, a foundational component of <a href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/about\/what-we-do\/12-principles\/\"><strong>WRAP\u2019s 12 Principles<\/strong>,<\/a> which collectively define WRAP\u2019s approach to ethical, lawful, and humane workplace conditions. Within the social compliance community, working hours continue to sit at the intersection of international labor standards and the practical realities faced by workers and facilities.<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\">The Limits of Traditional Social Compliance Requirements<\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">Conventional social compliance programs are largely built on are International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions and local legal requirements. For many years, a 60-hour workweek has been treated as a \u201cgolden rule.\u201d Since the 1990s, global buyers have widely applied this benchmark to assess supply chains concentrated in developing countries. Facilities that failed to comply often faced serious commercial consequences, including the loss of business.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">In practice, however, this approach has frequently fallen short of its intended goals. Rather than meaningfully reducing working hours, some facilities sought to conceal excessive overtime. A primary reason is economic: workers\u2019 income expectations often cannot be met within shorter workweeks. Factory owners also tend to favor longer hours to meet production targets and remain competitive. As a result, workers and management often share aligned short-term interests, even when these conflict with international standards.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">This tension\u2014between income needs and working hours limits\u2014has long fueled debate within the social compliance field. Because <strong>Principle 6<\/strong> is integral to WRAP\u2019s certification framework, the organization has consistently treated working hours not as a standalone compliance metric, but as a core indicator of worker well-being, wage sufficiency, and production planning. After years of internal and external discussions on how to strike a more realistic balance, WRAP revised working hours policy in 2016 aimed at better reflecting on-the-ground conditions while upholding core labor protections.<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\">Insights from a Large-Scale Worker Survey<\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">In 2025, WRAP partnered with a global fashion retailer to pilot a new data-driven approach to assessing wages, working hours, and worker perspectives. While the retailer operates its own Code of Conduct program and has not yet pursued WRAP certification for its suppliers, this collaboration offers a unique opportunity to test a more structured and consistent methodology.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">Rather than relying solely on traditional compliance audits and open-ended worker interviews, WRAP developed a standardized wage assessment tool alongside a structured worker survey questionnaire. This approach improved data consistency and enabled more meaningful analysis at scale.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">The results were notable. Only 2% of workers surveyed expressed general dissatisfaction with their current workplace. Some factors appeared to encourage workers to remain employed at these facilities. Income was clearly central to this dynamic. A striking 99.8% of workers reported earning more than the local minimum wage (with 95.3% reporting earning more than the internationally benchmarked living wage).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">At the same time, perceptions of income adequacy told a more nuanced story. Approximately 61% of respondents said their income was sufficient or very sufficient to cover living expenses. This suggests that many workers\u2019 income expectations extend well beyond a basic living wage.<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\">A Realistic and Protective Approach<\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">While international and local working hours standards are designed to protect workers\u2019 health and safety, the desire of workers to earn higher incomes cannot be ignored. Principle 6: Hours of Work plays a central role in balancing these sometimes-competing priorities. The worker survey results underscore a critical reality: many workers actively seek earnings beyond what traditional compliance models assume, even when working hours already exceed legal or benchmark limits.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">WRAP\u2019s revised approach to Principle 6 reflects a pragmatic and worker-centered understanding of global production realities. By allowing for progressive improvement\u2014while maintaining strict requirements around voluntariness, legal wage payments, overtime premiums, and worker health and safety\u2014WRAP reinforces that responsible working hours are not optional, but essential. As part of WRAP\u2019s broader 12 Principles framework, this policy demonstrates how standards can evolve without compromising their core purpose: protecting workers while promoting sustainable, ethical supply chains.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><em>Brian has worked with WRAP for over 12 years and is currently the WRAP\u2019s Head of Operations for East Asia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>High working hours in labor-intensive industries\u2014particularly footwear and apparel\u2014have been debated for decades and remain one of the most persistent challenges in responsible supply chain management. At the heart of this discussion is Principle 6: Hours of Work, a foundational component of WRAP\u2019s 12 Principles, which collectively define WRAP\u2019s approach to ethical, lawful, and humane [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5016,"featured_media":2344675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"featured_image_background_position":"49% 37%","hide_featured_image":false,"pinned":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[993],"partner":[],"topic":[962,973],"taxonomy-author":[1000],"class_list":["post-2344672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-post","topic-compliance-issues","topic-human-rights","taxonomy-author-brian-hui"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rethinking Working Hours in Labor-Intensive Industries - WRAP Compliance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rethinking Working Hours in Labor-Intensive Industries - WRAP Compliance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"High working hours in labor-intensive industries\u2014particularly footwear and apparel\u2014have been debated for decades and remain one of the most persistent challenges in responsible supply chain management. 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Through our 12 Principles, we promote lawful, humane manufacturing in facilities throughout the world via our Certification and Training programs.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/#organization","name":"Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production","alternateName":"WRAP Compliance","url":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/WRAP_Logo_Update_Color_RGB.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/WRAP_Logo_Update_Color_RGB.png","width":3601,"height":3451,"caption":"Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WRAPcompliance\/","https:\/\/x.com\/wrapcompliance","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wrapcompliance"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d339463c41c016ed576729d4286865b8","name":"Maggie Owner","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a84f07d092127c658cf60d2c41cf7b7adb2da4bff9473ab63985bd28ab3b57a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a84f07d092127c658cf60d2c41cf7b7adb2da4bff9473ab63985bd28ab3b57a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a84f07d092127c658cf60d2c41cf7b7adb2da4bff9473ab63985bd28ab3b57a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Maggie Owner"},"url":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/author\/mmcgillick\/"}]}},"rendered-html":"<div class=\"excerpt clickable post-2344672 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog-post topic-compliance-issues topic-human-rights taxonomy-author-brian-hui\" data-href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries\/\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries\/\" aria-label=\"Rethinking Working Hours in Labor-Intensive Industries\" class=\"thumbnail\"><img width=\"600\" height=\"718\" src=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-600x718.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumb size-post-thumb\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-position:49% 37%;\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-600x718.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-251x300.jpg 251w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-856x1024.jpg 856w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-768x919.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-1284x1536.jpg 1284w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-scaled.jpg 1712w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-2000x2392.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pexels-ketut-subiyanto-4473317-1-1000x1196.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a>\n<h3 class=\"title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries\/\">Rethinking Working Hours in Labor-Intensive Industries<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content\"><p>High working hours in labor-intensive industries\u2014particularly footwear and apparel\u2014have been debated for decades and remain one of the most persistent challenges in responsible supply chain management. At the heart of this discussion is Principle 6: Hours of Work, a foundational component of WRAP\u2019s 12 Principles, which collectively define WRAP\u2019s approach to ethical, lawful, and humane [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/rethinking-working-hours-in-labor-intensive-industries\/\" class=\"more\" aria-label=\"Read More\"><svg class=\"icon svg-icon icon-arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/wp-content\/themes\/wrapcompliance\/images\/icons.svg#icon-arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg><\/a>\n<\/div>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2344672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5016"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2344672"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2344672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2344716,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2344672\/revisions\/2344716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2344675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2344672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2344672"},{"taxonomy":"partner","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/partner?post=2344672"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=2344672"},{"taxonomy":"taxonomy-author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrapcompliance.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomy-author?post=2344672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}